Book with free-opening covers



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June 2, 1964 Filed Aug. 22, 1960 E. Cl. RANKEN BOOK WTH EHBQOPENINGCOVERS 147701? /VEY- June 2, 1964 E. c. RANKIN BooK WITH FREE-OPENINGCOVERS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 22, 1960 INVENTOR.

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United States Patent Office 3,135,531 Patented June 2, 1964 3,135,531BOOK WITH FREE-OPENING COVERS Edward C. Rankin, Oak Park, Ill., assignorto Brock and Rankin, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Filed Aug.22, 1960, Ser. No. 50,952 9 Claims. (Cl. 281-27) This invention pertainsto the bookbinding arts and has as its principal object the disclosureof an economical method and means for attaching free-opening covers toside-stitched books in simulation of the action and appearance of thecovers of the more costly edge-sewn or Smyth-sewn types of book, lowproduction costs being achieved to make the process feasible andeconomical by reason of the fact that existing equipment and practicesusually employed in the binding of side-stitched books, are fullyutilized in the new process in conjunction with certain novel hingemeans, including more particularly a special free-opening hinge stripespecially shaped for attachment by sewing onto a gathering of bookssignatures concurrently with the stitching thereof in a Singer or McCainmachine (with or without glue) by use of intermediary'pilot end sheetswhich are contrived to be foldable and to be gathered along with thesignatures in the same manner as ordinary end sheets and signatures, thepilot end sheets being of temporary character and adapted to be Whollyor partly replaced by permanent end sheets in the finished book.

A more detailed object is the provision of a free-opening hingestructure having a configuration adapted to be sewn onto the gatheringconcurrently with the stitching thereof in a manner such that certainhinge projections will be missed by the needle and temporarily tuckedbeneath the lay of the stitches for easy subsequent withdrawal andattachment to a set of covers in a conventional casing-in machine.

A further object is the provision of a 'combination freeopening hingeand end sheet assembly adapted for use in side-stitching operations forattaching a set of covers to side-stitched book fillers or gatherings,and to be gathered and stitched with the pages or signatures inconventional machines, and of a character such that a portion or all ofthe end sheet may be removed and the removed parts may be replaced, ifdesired, by corresponding new end sheet portions.

Additional objects and aspects of novelty and utility characterizing theinvention will appear as the following description proceeds in view ofthe annexed drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan View of a pilot end sheet before folding;

FIG. 2 is a plan View of a pair of front and back hinge strips;

FIG. 3 is a plan View of a front pilot end sheet with assembled ortipped-in hinge strips;

FIG. 3-A is a plan view of a folded back pilot end sheet and assembledhinge strip;

FIG. 4 is a lateral cross section of the stitched gathering prior toremoval of the pilot end sheets;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the front face of the stitched gathering withboth halves of the front pilot end sheet in the process of removal;

FIG. 6 is a plan View of the front face of a stitched gathering or bookof signatures illustrating a method for freeing the captured hingeWings;

FIG. 6-A is a magnified fragmentary sectional detail of the stitchedgathering with inserted wing-pulling tools;

FIG. 6-B is an elevation of the spine of the stitched gathering withboth pilot end sheets removed and the wings projecting free;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the application of paste or glue in thecasing-in operation;

FIG. 7-A is another diagram illustrating the application of paste in thecasing-in operation;

FIG. 8 is a perspective of a set of covers or so-called manufacturedcasing;

FIG. 9 is a partial end view of the cased-in book with covers lying infree-opened condition;

FIGS. 10 and lO-A are diagrammatic illustrations of the half end sheet;

FIG. l1 is a diagram of a folded permanent end sheet.

As a departure from standard side-stitching practices, the new processrequires the use of temporary or pilot end sheets 20 (FIG. 1), eachprovided with folding perforations 21 laid along a desired folding lineor axis Z-Z (FIGS. 1, 3, 3-A). The row of folding perforations isflanked by weakened tearing lines comprising, on one side thereof, anarrow lane 22 formed by two series of staggered and spaced apartdie-cuts 23 and 24, and on the opposite side thereof, by a single lineof diecuts 25, these tearing lines being asymmetrically situated onopposite sides of the axis Z-Z, the staggering of the cuts on the oneside minimizing the weakening of the paper while creating the narrowlane 22, which is of a Width to be overlaid (on the outer flies 20A ofthe sheet only, FIG. 5) by the string of stitches and the stitchingglue, for purposes to appear. The cut pilot end sheets 20, thusperforated and scored, are suitable for handling in conventionalone-fold and gathering machines in the same manner as ordinary endsheets.

A further requirement of the process is a supply of hinge strips 30(FIG. 2) prepared by die-cutting any suitable hinge fabric, such ascambric, buckram, binders cloth, or the like. vTwo of the strips 30 areused for each book, and will be oriented as shown in FIG. 2 when placedupon their respective pilot end sheets to become part thereof, as in thecase of the front pilot end sheet shown in FIG. 3, these hinge stripsultimately being utilized to function in their relative positions at thefront and back of the stitched book in the relationship seen in FIG.6-B.

The hinge strips 30 are provided along one longitudinal edge with aseries of evenly spaced tabs or wings 3l which may economically be inthe shape of triangular serrations, the space between each of which iscalculated to bridge with considerable latitude the length of one fullstitch made by the Singer or McCain or other type of side-stitchingbook-sewing machine to be used. The seeming difference in shape of thefirst and lasthinge Wings 31F, 31L (FIG. 2) is the result of trimmingoperations to be explained, and is not critical.

The stock pilot end sheets are completed initially in open or flatcondition by tipping (gluing) yinto position the main body portion only(not the wings 31) of a properly-facing hinge strip positioned in themanner depicted in FIG. 3, in which condition these end sheets can be`handled like ordinary end sheets in the standard folding machinesthrough which batches of front and back sheets will next be run toemerge folded once over along the fold axis defined by perforations 21,so as to have the general appearance of the (back) end sheet shown inFIG. 3-A.

It will be observed that the unfolded end sheet of FIG. 3 is a frontsheet while the folded sheet of FIG. 3-A is a back sheet, it beingespecially noted in the latter view that the hinge wings 31 appear tohave become shortened (the result of being folded over upon themselves)and they now point away from the perforations 21 toward the die-cut line25 and side opening opposite thereto, whereas in the unfolded conditionof the front end sheet in FIG. 3 the wings 31 will point in the oppositedirection with respect to those in FIG. 3-A when the outer leaf 20A is'folded in the direction of the fold arrow onto the leaf 20B.

The printed pages to be bound are commonly gathered in books ofsignatures 40, by the usual gathering machines along with a set of pilotend sheets in their proper front and back positions; and each suchgathering or book is thereafter preferably rounded and glued-olf in theusual manner by standard machines so as to throw a curve across the backto conform to the rounded back of the covers and to glue off the backsso that the gatherings will hold their shape for further handling.

After rounding and gluing off, the gatherings are fed serially through aSinger, McCain, or similar side-stitching type of book-sewing machinefrom which the stitched or sewn books will emerge in the structuralcondition depicted somewhat schematically in cross-section in FIG. 4,and in part in FIG. 5, it being especially noted in the latter View thatthe outermost wing portions 31 of the front (and back) hinge cloths areeach caught beneath a stitch 41, whereas the appertaining main bodyportions 30 of the strips (FIG. 5 or 6-A) are actually pierced by theneedle and penetrated by the thread as at 42, which continues completelythrough the gathering of signatures and passes out through the back ofthe cloth, where the stitch is locked or caught and the needle retreatsfor the next stitch back into the front face of the book.

As is common in book-sewing operations employing side stitching, theneedle takes at least one, and often two, idle stitches betweensuccessive books in order to fully catch the last stitch and leave extrathread exposed for cut-off, the first stitch in the following bookfrequently being made somewhat closer to the leading or top edge of thebook than is the last stitch relative to the bottom edge thereof becausethe feeding lugs on such machines are not necessarily changed wheneverthe size of the book is changed slightly. The idle stitch loops over thelast folded-under (by the folding out of the end sheet) hinge wing SILand falls around the trailing or departing edge of the book and into thespace between the latter and the next succeeding book for the linkingcut-off stitch before entering the following book.

Thus, the stitched books or gatherings will approach the dischargestation of the sewing machine in a connected series linked together bythe idle stitches, which will be automatically cut as each leading bookpasses from the machine.

The operations next ensuing require the removal of at least one, andusually both leaves of the two sets of pilot end sheets 20 by tearingthem off at both the front and rear of the stitched gathering alongtheir respective diecut tearing margins 22, 25, thus leaving adheredbetween the face of the underlying signatures 40 and the overlying mainbody portion 30 of the corresponding hinge strip, glued reinforcing endsheet remnants 30X and 30Z (FIG. 6-A). Following the casting off of thepilot sheets the captured hinge-wing portions 31 (FIGS. 5, 6, 6-A) arefreed from beneath the overlying line of stitching 41 as illustrated inFIGS. 6 and 6-A, by action of a rod-like tool 48 having a pointed endinserted beneath the wings and worked from one or the other of theendmost tabs 31F or 31L, with an added sidewise or outward prying motionso as to slip all of the wings back out from beneath the stitch in orderthat they may project freely into space from the back of the book, forinstance in the manner depicted in FIG. 6-B.

Whether or not a full or half permanent end sheet is to be used dependsmainly upon the customers specifications. In cases where the books areto be closely simulative of expensive free-opening and hand-turnedcustom bindings, the full type of end sheet would probably be used andmight be of highly polished paper stock, or perhaps a fancy marbelizedstock, or possibly the end sheets may be lithographed with pictures orspecial copy, so that in each instance a full permanent end sheet wouldbe indicated.

The use of a half-sheet has no advantage other than a saving in cost,which may be offset, however, by a loss in appearance, since the line ofattachment of the halfsheet will always be apparent.

In general, the permanent, full end sheet blanks shown in FIG. ll willbe identical in appearance to those employed as regular end sheets inthe prior standard manufacturing processes for side-stitched books, thecut paper blank 60 being folded off center and not across the middle ofthe sheet, so as to produce two unequal pages, 60A and 60B, the outerleaf 60A extending about one-quarter inch beyond the side or openingmargin of the inner leaf to provide a boning or tucking excess 64X to betaken up when the sheet is boned back into the joint after the coversare attached.

The full permanent end sheet 60 is shown in FIG. 11 in dotted linesrepresenting the unfolded condition of the blank, and in full lines forthe folded condition thereof, the boning excess 64X constituting anoverhang or lip which will largely disappear when the end sheets areboned back into the joints at 64 (FIG. 9) at both the front and back ofthe cased-in book. Thus, the permanent end sheets 6ft have no foldingperforations and no tear-off scorings like the perforations 21 andscorings 23, 24, and 25, which characterize the pilot end sheets.

The full new end sheets 60, each consisting of an inner leaf 6GB and anouter leaf 60A, are tipped into the rough trimmed book (FIG. 6-B)resulting from the tearoff operations of FIG. 5, and the releasing ofthe hinge wings according to FIG. 6, the glue or paste being appliedonly to the inside margin of the inner leaf 60B near its fold which willbe juxtaposed with only the main body 30 of each hinge strip, noadhesive being applied to the hinge wing portions 31 at this stage, forthe reason that if paste were permitted to dry on the wings they wouldbecome hardened and lose the flexibility necessary to make them lie backeasily when passing between the paste rollers of the casing-in machine,it being usually necessary to send the finished gatherings (i.e. afterattachment of new end sheets) to the trimming cutter to square off anyremaining irregularity in the margins following which the gatherings areready for application of the covers in a standard casing-in machine,this operation being illustrated schematically with reference to FIG. 7wherein the stitched gathering, now called a filler, is conveyed alongthe infeed channel to the casing-in mechanism and while at rest thereinwill have its back traversed by a paste roller '70 moving transverselythereacross, from which position the filler will be conveyed onto asaddle 71 (FIG. 7-A), which will automatically thrust the filler intothe back 51 of a set of covers, and in doing so will carry the fillerbetween a pair of flanking paste rollers 72, so that the exposed hingewings 31 and the outside faces of the outer permanent end sheets 60Awill have a generous coating of paste laid thereon by the time theoverlying cover is engaged and caused to hang onto the filler as thelatter continues to move upwardly, as a result of which motion the wingsand end sheets are joined to the inside faces of the covers and the bookis ready for discharge. Promptly on leaving the casing-inmachine andbefore the paste has an opportunity to set up, the covers are squaredoff and both of the joints 64 at the end sheets will be traversed by ahand tucking bone to thrust the end sheet paper and the hinge wings welldown into the cover joint 64 in the manner of a well finished book.

In the event that a half end sheet is required, the procedure describedin view of FIG. 5 is modified to the extent that only the outer leaf 20Ais removed; and since the half-sheet will be pasted onto theappertaining cover, the main body of the hinge strip and the stitchingthereon are to be concealed beneath a narrow fold provided on this typeof end sheet.

A half end sheet 68 is shown in FIG. l0 and is provided with a narrowtipping fold or lip 69 of the same length and width as the main bodyportion of the hinge strip. In addition, this end sheet is provided withan overhang or boning excess 68X corresponding to the marginal excess64X provided on the full end sheet.

The tipping lip 69 is pasted in along its full area and pressed onto thehinge strip body 30to conceal the latter, this operation being performedbefore casing-in, and the hanging of the covers then being effected asdescribed in the case of the full end sheet, so that the nished bookwould have an appearance similar to that in'FIG. 9 if the leaves 60Awere assumed to be missing.

The disclosed methods produce a free-opening hinge action of the covers,such as illustrated in FIG. 9 wherein it will be apparent that bothcovers 50A, 50B can fall back considerably below the line of stitchingindicated at 41, although the signature pages 40 are constrained tospread open at most up to the stitching, at which depth the readinggutter 75 is rather deeper than is desirable, this being characteristicof side-stitched books, since there is obviously a practical limit tohow close the stitching can be laid to the outer boundary of the spine.

Thus, unless the hinge joint for the covers can be located outwardly(downwardly in FIG. 9) of the line of stitching 41, the covers can haveno freer opening range than the pages, and while a variety of proposalshave been made heretofore to overcome these difficulties, and variousauxiliary hinge structures have been suggested from time to time toafford free-opening movement to the covers of side-sewn andwire-stitched books, no prior economically successful mass productionmethod is known which does not require special equipment or expensive,unconventional processing expediencies Which make it uneconomical tocompete with ordinary side-stitched books.

Therefore, While the pages of the side-stitched volume as depicted inFIG. 9 are not capable of true free-opening action and present therelatively deep reading gutter 75 characteristic of the side-sewn book,it is nevertheless a decided commercial advantage to have the coverscapable of lying back fully, as shown, in the manner of a back-stitchedbook-the book, closed and open, having a better appearance, and it beinga convenience to the reader to have the covers capable of lying on asurface instead of tending to spring back to closed position as is thecase with most side-stitched books.

In addition to the foregoing advantages, the described improvements havea further important area of application in connection with themanufacture of books which simulate the appearance of hand-sewn, or finequality custom bound books, having such expensive features asfree-opening hinge action, simulated turned-in ends, such as the ends 80in FIG. 8, simulated set heads 82, and raised bands 83 (FIG. 9), andother features more particularly set forth in said application, thepresent freeopening hinge structures and methods of fabrication beingespecially adapted to utilization in the further binding methods thereinset forth to complete a minimum inventory of features considerednecessary to produce such a commercially acceptable simulated qualitybinding at the much lower cost levels of the side-stitched class ofbinding.

I claim:

l. A machine gathered and side-stitched book consisting of a book ofpages gathered with front and rear end pages each having a hinge stripadhesively attached thereto, said book having free-opening coversattached by means of elongated hinge strips disposed respectively on,and substantially entirely along the length of, the front and back hingemargins of the gathered book pages along the line of stitching and eachpierced and secured in position by the side stitches throughout thelength of the stitching and strip, said strips having a series of spacedapart lateral integral hinge projections each in alignment with a stitchand which are free from the stitches and adhesively attachedrespectively at the front and back sides of the book to the respectivelyconfronting inside faces of the corresponding front and back coversclose to 6 the hinge joint thereof, whereby the covers can hinge along aline which is closer to the spine of the book than is the line ofstitching.

2. A book according to claim 1 further characterized in that it has fulltwo-leaf folded end sheets gathered and sewn with the book of pages atits front and back faces, each said end sheet having its outer leafadhesively joined to the inside face of the adjoining cover and overlaidupon and concealing the appertaining hinge projections, which areadhered to the appertaining cover as aforesaid, each said end sheethaving its remaining inside leaf adhesively secured upon the bodyportion only of the appertaining hinge strip portions which are stitchedto the book pages as aforesaid, whereby to conceal the said hinge clothand stitching.

3. The method of binding a book to provide free-opening covers withside-stitched signatures which comprises the steps of: preparing a pairof foldable pilot end sheets for each book, each sheet having anapproximately central fold margin and each having a pliable hinge stripwith a main narrow body portion adhered thereto bordering along thelength of the fold line, each said strip having a series of freely andlaterally-projecting, uniformly spacedapart, hinge wings along that oneof the long edges thereof which borders said fold margin; folding saidsheets at said margin whereby to fold over said wings back upon the mainbody portion of the hinge strip; gathering the book pages with one ofsaid folded pilot end sheets at the front of the gathering and anotherat the back of the gathering; stitching said gathering through said endsheets and strips along the side of the book near its spine withstitches spaced evenly so as to fall in the spaces between succeedinghinge wings, whereby the folded-over wing portions are caught beneathbut not pierced by the stitches and only said main body portion ispenetrated by the stitches; detaching the two halves of each said pilotend sheet from those portions thereof caught beneath the main bodyportions of the appertaining hinge strips; freeing the caught wings frombeneath respective stitches, and attaching the gathered book to a set ofcovers by adhering the free wing portions at the front and back thereofto the inside faces respectively of corresponding front and rear covers,whereby the covers hinge beyond the stitching line toward the spine inthe manner of free-opening covers.

4. In the art of bookbinding, improvements comprising: a gathering ofbook signatures joined in book form by uniformly-spaced side stitchesalong, and spaced inwardly of, the back margin thereof with hinge meansattachable to a set of covers to provide free-opening action andappearance to the bound book, said hinge means cornprising a pair ofnarrow main-body strips of hinge fabric one each of which is attached tothe gathering along the back margins at the front and back faces thereofat least by said side-stitching penetrating said main body strips, andeach said strip having a longitudinal hinge line substantially alignedwith said back margin of the gathering to provide a hinge line, saidstrips each having a plurality of lateral wings joined thereto at saidhinge line and spaced apart uniformly a predetermined distancesubstantially greater than the distance between successive stitches ofsaid side stitching and each of a length to project substantially beyondsaid hinge line and each adhesively attached respectively tothe insidefaces of an appertaining front or back cover; together with at least oneend sheet at front and back of the gathering adhesively attached to theinside face of the appertaining cover with the corresponding hinge wingssecured thereto and to the cover therebeneath, each said end sheethaving a fold line along the hinge line of said wings and a lipsubstantially the same width as the appertaining main-body strip andadhered upon the latter to substantially conceal the same and thestitches thereon.

5. In the bookbinding arts, a combination cover-hanging hinge andend-sheet assembly for attachment by Singer, McCain and likeside-stitching machines to book fillers which are to be hung in saidcovers and which consist of gathered pages secured together by saidstitching machine, each said assembly comprising: an end sheet foldedupon itself to form two hingedly-joined leaves, one inner and one outerleaf; a pliable hinge strip consisting of a main body portion ofpredetermined narrow width at least several times greater than the lineof stitching to be laid down, and of substantially the same length asthe trim distance between the head and foot of the sheet and gathering,each said strip body portion having a plurality of equally spaced-apartlaterally-projecting hinge tabs along one of its long edges, the spacingbetween the adjacent tabs being not less than the distance betweensuccessive stitches to be laid down as aforesaid and each tab being of awidth to fit beneath one stitch without penetration thereby; each foldedsheet having the main body portion of one of said hinge strips attachedto the inner leaf thereof with the edge from which the tabs projectregistering with the fold line of the sheet and said tabs projectingbeyond said line in a direction toward the outer leaf; said sheet beingfolded upon itself toward the main body portion with said tabsresultantly folded back upon said main body portion of the strip in acondition of readiness to be gathered and side-stitched with said fillerpages in the manner of ordinary end sheets under the condition that theside stitches are spaced uniformly a distance to lodge in the spacesbetween said tabs, whereby said tabs will be caught removably beneaththe stitching as aforesaid for subsequent withdrawal and attachment tocover means.

6. An end sheet assembly according to claim further characterized inthat each said end sheet has lines of weakened portions each borderingone of the two long margins of the attached hinge strip, whereby eitheror both the inner and/or outer end sheet leaves may be torn free of thestitched filler, prior to attachment of the remnants to a set of covers.

7. In the manufacture of book fillers consisting of machine-gathered,-folded, and -stitched gatherings of sheets adapted to be encased in aset of covers, improvements comprising, namely: a side-stitched ller forencasement in covers ofthe flat-opening type with full-length hingemeans at front and rear hinge margins for attachment to a set of coverswhich can hinge along a line closer to the spine of the book than to thestitching, said filler being in lthe form of a book of gathered sheetsor signatures including rst and last sheet members to which arerespectively adhesively attached along the length of the respectivehinge margins thereof, the main base portion of a long pliable hingestrip having a hinge wing portion folded back upon the base portion,said wing portion in each instance comprising a longitudinally-extensiveseries of spaced-apart tabs of uniform size and spacing predeterminedfor alignment of each tab with a loop of one of the side stitches, saidgathering being side-stitched along said base portion such that eachstitch penetrates the base portion and also captures, but does notpenetrate, an appertaining one of said aligned tabs in a manner torender the same retractable from beneath its stitch loop for subsequentattachment to a corresponding front or rear cover member along theinside face at the hinge margin thereof on being cased-in as aforesaid,said stitched gatherings including notably the said rst and last sheetmembers and their appertaining folded-back hinge wings and capturedhinge tabs in a form adapted for handling and processing in economicalmachine manufacturing processes employing conventional folding,gathering, side-stitching, and casing-in machines to provide a bookhaving a sidestitched filler with covers of the Hat-opening type.

8. A side-stitched book of gathered signatures adapted for production bygathering and stitching machines, and provided with hinge means at frontand rear along the hinge margins of the spine for attachmentrespectively to the front and back covers of a casing, which willprovide a book having the flat-opening type of hinge means which iscloser to the spine of the gathering than to the sidestitching thereof,said hinge means comprising: front and rear hinge strips each consistingof an elongated stitching panel and a Wing panel with the stitchingpanels of the front and rear strips respectively secured to the outsidefold of a once-folded page sheet included respectively at the front andrear of the gathering, the wing panel of each strip being turned backupon the corresponding stitching panel along a line overlying said hingemargin and the entire gathering being side-stitched along a lineparalleling said turned-back line so as to catch portions of both panelsof both said strips beneath ythe stitching, said stitching panel beingpenetrated by the stitches and said wing panels being serrated toprovide a series of hinge tabs so spaced and of such width in thedirection of the stitching that each tab is caught beneath a stitch butnot penetrated thereby, whereby to leave each tab free for retractionfrom beneath its stitch for attachment to a corresponding front or rearcover of the case when said gathering is cased-in.

9. The method of making a filler for encasement in llatopening coverswhich comprises: preparing pilot and sheets each having adhered alongthe length of the hinge edge thereof the longitudinal base portion of anelongated hinge strip having a longitudinal wing portion projectinglaterally beyond the hinge line for atttachment to the inside face of anappertaining front or rear cover, each said wing portion having alongitudinally-extensive series of evenly-spaced hinge tabs therealongand all folded back along said hinge line onto the base portion of thestrip, gathering the ller pages with one of said pilot end sheets at thefront and at the rear of the gathering and the hinge strips thereofrespectively bordering the spine of the filler gathering, side-stitchingsaid gathering along and through said base portions of the hinge stripswith stitches having loops spaced each to capture one of said hingetabs, and thereafter withdrawing all tabs from beneath the stitch loopscapturing the samel to dispose the tabs in freed conditions forattachment to corresponding cover members as aforsaid.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 464,310White Dec. 1, 1891 2,154,516 LEnfant Apr. 18, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS14,730 Great Britain July 18, 1899

1. A MACHINE GATHERED AND SIDE-STICHED BOOK CONSISTING OF A BOOK OFPAGES GATHERED WITH FRONT AND REAR END PAGES EACH HAVING A HINGE STRIPADHESIVELY ATTACHED THERETO, SAID BOOK HAVING FREE-OPENING COVERSATTACHED BY MEANS OF ELONGATED HINGE STRIPS DISPOSED RESPECTIVELY ON,AND SUBSTANTIALLY ENTIRELY ALONG THE LENGTH OF, THE FRONT AND BACK HINGEMARGINS OF THE GATHERED BOOK PAGES ALONG THE LINE OF STITCHING AND EACHPIERCED AND SECURED IN POSITION BY THE SIDE STITCHES THROUGHOUT THELENGTH OF THE STITCHING AND STRIP, SAID STRIPS HAVING A SERIES OF SPACEDAPART LATERAL INTEGRAL HINGE PROJECTIONS EACH IN ALIGNMENT WITH A STICHAND WHICH ARE FREE FROM THE STITCHES AND ADHESIVELY ATTACHEDRESPECTIVELY AT THE FRONT AND BACK SIDES OF THE BOOK TO THE RESPECTIVELYCONFRONTING INSIDE FACES OF THE CORRESPONDING FRONT AND BACK COVERSCLOSE TO THE HINGE JOINT THEREOF, WHEREBY THE COVERS CAN HINGE ALONG ALINE WHICH IS CLOSER TO THE SPINE OF THE BOOK THAN IS THE LINE OFSTICHING.